Definition Of Muscular Endurance Brian Mac

  1. Muscular Strength And Endurance Definition
  2. Example Of Muscular Endurance
  3. Muscular Endurance Definition Kids
  4. Muscular Endurance Brian Mac
  5. Definition Of Body Composition
  6. Brian Mac Muscular Endurance

Muscular endurance is one of the main fitness components, important for success in many sports. Muscle endurance plays a very important role in sports such as rowing. In many other sports, including field team sports, good muscle endurance is also an important part of the overall fitness profile. Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to lift weight repeatedly over time. Muscular endurance differs from muscular strength which is a measure of how much force you can exert in one repetition such as maximum weight, one-repetition bench press. Muscle strength is one of the accepted components of total fitness, which includes endurance, flexibility, power, and speed. For almost every conceivable athletic purpose, muscle strength is a more valuable commodity than mass. Source for information on Muscle Mass and Strength: World of Sports Science dictionary. Jun 30, 2019  Aerobic exercise such as cycling and running improves the body’s aerobic endurance by increasing the heart rate over time. Aerobic endurance can be classified as either short, medium, or long aerobic. Short is defined as between 2 and 8 minutes, where long is defined as 30 minutes and more. What Is Anaerobic Endurance? Endurance is the ability to perform activity for prolonged periods. Most people are familiar with aerobic endurance, in which the body utilizes oxygen to perform low-intensity activities for longer than several minutes. On the other hand, anaerobic endurance refers to the performance of. Strength endurance. Strength endurance is used to develop the athlete's capacity to maintain the quality of their muscles' contractile force. All athletes need to develop a basic level of strength endurance. Examples of activities to develop strength endurance are - circuit training, weight training.

Endurance training is the act of exercising to increase endurance. The term endurance training generally refers to training the aerobic system as opposed to the anaerobic system. The need for endurance in sports is often predicated as the need of cardiovascular and simple muscular endurance, but the issue of endurance is far more complex. Endurance can be divided into two categories including: general endurance and specific endurance. It can be shown that endurance in sport is closely tied to the execution of skill and technique. A well conditioned athlete can be defined as, the athlete who executes his or her technique consistently and effectively with the least effort.[1]

Endurance in sports[edit]

Endurance training is essential for a variety of endurance sports. A notable example is distance running events (800 meters upwards to marathon and ultra-marathon) with the required degree of endurance training increasing with race distance. Two other popular examples are cycling (particularly road cycling) and competitive swimming. These three endurance sports are combined in triathlon. Other sports for which extensive amounts of endurance training are required include rowing and cross country skiing. Athletes can also undergo endurance training when their sport may not necessarily be an endurance sport in the whole sense but may still demand some endurance. For instance aerobic endurance is necessary (to varying extents) in racket sports, football, rugby, martial arts, basketball and cricket. Endurance exercise tends to be popular with non-athletes for the purpose of increasing general fitness or burning more calories to increase weight loss potential.

Physiological effects[edit]

Long-term endurance training induces many physiological adaptations both centrally and peripherally mediated. Central cardiovascular adaptations include decreased heart rate, increased stroke volume of the heart,[2] increased blood plasma, without any major changes in red blood cell count, which reduces blood viscosity and increased cardiac output as well as total mitochondrial volume in the muscle fibers used in the training (i.e. the thigh muscles in runners will have more mitochondria than the thigh muscles of swimmers). Mitochondria increase in both number and size and there are similar increases in myoglobin and oxidative enzymes. Adaptations of the peripheral include capillarization, that is an increase in the surface area that both the venous and arterial capillaries supply. This also allows for increased heat dissipation during strenuous exercise. The muscles heighten their glycogen and fat storing capabilities in endurance athletes in order to increase the length in time in which they can perform work. Endurance training primarily work the slow twitch (type 1) fibers and develop such fibers in their efficiency and resistance to fatigue. Catabolism also improves increasing the athletes capacity to use fat and glycogen stores as an energy source. These metabolic processes are known as glycogenolysis, glycolysis and lipolysis. There is higher efficiency in oxygen transport and distribution. In recent years it has been recognized that oxidative enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that enable mitochondria to break down nutrients to form ATP increase by 2.5 times in well trained endurance athletes[2] In addition to SDH, myoglobin increases by 75-80% in well trained endurance athletes.[2]

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Risks of excessive endurance training[edit]

The potential for negative health effects from long-term, high-volume endurance training have begun to emerge in the scientific literature in recent years.[3][4][5] The known risks are primarily associated with training for and participation in extreme endurance events, and affect the cardiovascular system through adverse structural remodeling of the heart and the associated arteries, with heart-rhythm abnormalities perhaps being the most common resulting symptom.[6] Endurance exercise can also reduce testosterone levels.[7][8]

Methods and training plans[edit]

Common methods for training include periodization, intervals, hard easy, long slow distance, and in recent years high-intensity interval training. The periodization method is very common and was accredited to Tudor Bompa[9] and consists of blocks of time, generally 4–12 weeks each. The blocks are called preparation, base, build and race.[10] The goal of a structured training program with periodization is to bring the athlete into peak fitness at the time of a big race or event. Preparation as the name suggests lays the groundwork for heavier work to follow. For a runner contemplating a competitive marathon the preparation phase might consist of easier runs of 1–4 miles 3-4 times per week and including 2–3 days of core strengthening. In the base phase the athlete now works on building cardiovascular endurance by having several long runs staying in heart rate zone 1-2[clarification needed] every week and each week adding slightly more mileage (using 10% rule for safely increasing the mileage). Core strengthening is continued in the base period. Once the base phase is complete and the athlete has sufficient endurance, the build period is needed to give the athlete the ability to hold a faster pace for the race duration. The build phase is where duration of runs is traded for intensity or heart rate zones 3-5. An easy method to obtain intensity is interval training and interval training starts to happen in the build phase. Through interval training during the build phase the athlete can achieve higher lactate threshold and in some athletes VO2 max is increased. Because interval training is demanding on the body, a professional coach should be consulted. In the very least the athlete should do a warm up and active stretching before the interval session and static stretch or yoga after hard interval sessions. It is also advisable to have days of rest or easy workouts the day after interval sessions.[11] Finally the race phase of the periodization approach is where the duration of the workouts decreases but intense workouts remain so as to keep the high lactate threshold that was gained in the build phase. In Ironman training, the race phase is where a long 'taper' occurs of up to 4 weeks for highly trained Ironman racers. A final phase is designated transition and is a period of time, where the body is allowed to recover from the hard race effort and some maintenance endurance training is performed so the high fitness level attained in the previous periods will not be lost.

Traditionally, strength training (the performance of exercises with resistance or added weight) was not deemed appropriate for endurance athletes due to potential interference in the adaptive response to the endurance elements of an athlete's training plan. There were also misconceptions regarding the addition of excess body mass through muscle hypertrophy (growth) associated with strength training, which could negatively effect endurance performance by increasing the amount of work required to be completed by the athlete. However, more recent and comprehensive research has proved that short-term (8 weeks) strength training in addition to endurance training is beneficial for endurance performance, particularly long-distance running.[12]

Devices to assess endurance fitness[edit]

The heart rate monitor is one of the relatively easy methods to assess fitness in endurance athletes. By comparing heart rate over time fitness gains can be observed when the heart rate decreases for running or cycling at a given speed. In cycling the effect of wind on the cyclists speed is difficult to subtract out and so many cyclists now use power meters built into their bicycles. The power meter allows the athlete to actually measure power output over a set duration or course and allows direct comparison of fitness progression.[13] In the 2008 Olympics Michael Phelps was aided by repeated lactate threshold measurement. This allowed his coaches to fine tune his training program so that he could recover between swim events that were sometimes several minutes apart.[14] Much similar to blood glucose for diabetes, lower priced lactate measurement devices are now available but in general the lactate measurement approach is still the domain of the professional coach and elite athlete.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Michael Yessis (2008). Secrets of Russian Sports Fitness & Training. ISBN978-0-9817180-2-6.
  2. ^ abc'Physiology of Sport and Exercise' J.H. Wilmore, D.L. Costill, W.L. Kenney; 4th Ed, Human Kinetics 2008
  3. ^Möhlenkamp S, Lehmann N, Breuckmann F, Bröcker-Preuss M, Nassenstein K, Halle M, Budde T, Mann K, Barkhausen J, Heusch G, Jöckel KH, Erbel R (200). 'Running: the risk of coronary events : Prevalence and prognostic relevance of coronary atherosclerosis in marathon runners'. Eur. Heart J. 29 (15): 1903–10. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn163. PMID18426850.
  4. ^Benito B, Gay-Jordi G, Serrano-Mollar A, Guasch E, Shi Y, Tardif JC, Brugada J, Nattel S, Mont L (2011). 'Cardiac arrhythmogenic remodeling in a rat model of long-term intensive exercise training'(PDF). Circulation. 123 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.938282. PMID21173356.
  5. ^Wilson M, O'Hanlon R, Prasad S, Deighan A, Macmillan P, Oxborough D, Godfrey R, Smith G, Maceira A, Sharma S, George K, Whyte G (2011). 'Diverse patterns of myocardial fibrosis in lifelong, veteran endurance athletes'. J Appl Physiol. 110 (6): 1622–6. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01280.2010. PMC3119133. PMID21330616.
  6. ^Potential Adverse Cardiovascular Effects From Excessive Endurance Exercise, O'Keefe et al, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, v. 87(6); June 2012
  7. ^Bennell, KL; Brukner, PD; Malcolm, SA (September 1996). 'Effect of altered reproductive function and lowered testosterone levels on bone density in male endurance athletes'. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 30 (3): 205–8. doi:10.1136/bjsm.30.3.205. PMC1332330. PMID8889111.
  8. ^Hackney, AC (October 2008). 'Effects of endurance exercise on the reproductive system of men: the 'exercise-hypogonadal male condition''. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 31 (10): 932–8. doi:10.1007/bf03346444. PMID19092301.
  9. ^The Triathlete's Training Bible, Joe Friel, 2nd ed, p. 28, Velo Press, 2004
  10. ^The Triathlete's Training Bible, Joe Friel, 2nd ed, p. 29, Velo Press, 2004
  11. ^Chris Carmichael 'High Intensity For High Performance' Triathlete Magazine pp. 34-36 Competitor Group December 2011
  12. ^Beattie, K; Kenny, IC; Lyons, M; Carson, BP (2014). 'The Effect of Strength Training on Performance in Endurance'(PDF). Sports Medicine. 44 (6): 845–65. doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0157-y. hdl:10344/4182. PMID24532151.
  13. ^The Triathlete's Training Bible, Joe Friel, 2nd ed, pp 64-65, Velo Press, 2004
  14. ^'2008 Olympic Coverage'
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en·dur·ance

(ĕn-do͝or′əns, -dyo͝or′-)Definition of muscular endurance brian mackenzien.
1. The act, quality, or power of withstanding hardship or stress: A marathon tests a runner's endurance.
2. The state or fact of persevering: Through hard work and endurance, we will complete this project.

endurance

(ɪnˈdjʊərəns) n
1. the capacity, state, or an instance of enduring
2. something endured; a hardship, strain, or privation

en•dur•ance

(ɛnˈdʊər əns, -ˈdyʊər-)
n.
1. the fact or power of bearing pain, hardship, or adversity.
3. lasting quality; duration.

endurance

The time an aircraft can continue flying, or a ground vehicle or ship can continue operating, under specified conditions, e.g., without refueling. See also endurance distance.

Endurance

(See also PERSEVERANCE.)

bite the bullet To suffer pain without expressing fear; to grit one’s teeth and do what has to be done. This phrase derives from the supposed practice of giving a wounded soldier a bullet to bite on to channel his reaction to intense pain. This practice preceded the first use of anesthesia (in the U.S.) in 1844. By 1891, the phrase was used figuratively.

Bite on the bullet, old man, and don’t let them think you’re afraid. (Rudyard Kipling, The Light that Failed, 1891)

It is analogous to other phrases describing rituals such as take a deep breath and grit your teeth, which refer to preparing one-self or pulling one-self together in order to experience or do something unpleasant.

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Definition Of Muscular Endurance Brian Mac

roll with the punches To endure with equanimity, not to be thrown by the blows of fate; to be resilient, bending slightly under pressure then bouncing back; to have the balanced perspective that comes of experiencing hardship. This common metaphor obviously owes its origin to pugilism.

stand the gaff To endure punishment, criticism, or ridicule; to sustain one-self through a period of stress or hardship; to keep one’s chin up. In this expression, gaff may refer to the steel spurs worn by fighting cocks, or it may derive from a Scottish term for noisy and abusive language.

Neil has got to stand the gaff for what he’s done. (W. M. Raine, B. O’Connor, 1910)

take it on the chin To face adversity courageously; to withstand punishment, to persevere against the odds; to bounce back from hardship with an undefeated attitude. This American slang expression originated in boxing.

I liked the Williams’ because of the way they took life on the chin. (D. Lytton, Goddam White Man, 1960)

Noun1.endurance - the power to withstand hardship or stress; 'the marathon tests a runner's endurance'
strength - the property of being physically or mentally strong; 'fatigue sapped his strength'
sufferance - patient endurance especially of pain or distress
stamina, staying power, toughness - enduring strength and energy
long-sufferance, long-suffering - patient endurance of pain or unhappiness
tolerance - the power or capacity of an organism to tolerate unfavorable environmental conditions
2.endurance - a state of surviving; remaining alive
aliveness, animation, living, life - the condition of living or the state of being alive; 'while there's life there's hope'; 'life depends on many chemical and physical processes'
subsistence - a means of surviving; 'farming is a hard means of subsistence'

endurance

noun
1.staying power, strength, resolution, resignation, determination, patience, submission, stamina, fortitude, persistence, tenacity, perseverance, toleration, sufferance, doggedness, stickability(informal), pertinacitya test of endurance
2.permanence, stability, continuity, duration, continuation, longevity, durability, continuance, immutability, lastingnessThe book is about the endurance of the class system in Britain.

endurance

noun
1. The quality or power of withstanding hardship or stress:
2. Uninterrupted existence or succession:
continuance, continuation, continuity, continuum, duration, persistence, persistency.
udholdenhed
ending, òol, òrek
vytrvalostnýznesiteľnosť

endurance

[ɪnˈdjʊərəns]
A.N → resistenciaf
to come to the end of one's endurance → no poder más, llegar a sus límites
past or beyond endurance → inaguantable, insoportable
to be tried beyond endurance → ser puestoa prueba
it tested his powers of endurance → pusoa prueba su resistencia
B.CPDendurance raceN → carreraf de resistencia
endurance testN → pruebaf de resistencia

endurance

[ɪnˈdjʊərəns]n
(= patience) → patiencef
modif(SPORT) [sport, race] → d'endurance; [record] → d'endurance; [athlete] → d'endurance; [training] → d'enduranceendurance test n → épreuvef d'endurance

endurance

n → Durchhaltevermögennt; to have great powers of endurance → großesDurchhaltevermögen haben; what a feat of endurance → welche Ausdauer!; he was tried beyond endurance → er wurde über die Maßengereizt; his suffering was beyond endurance → sein Leiden war unerträglich

endurance

: endurance race
n (Sport) Rennen, bei dem es vor allem auf die Ausdauer ankommt
endurance test

Muscular Strength And Endurance Definition

endurance

[ɪnˈdjʊər/əns]

Example Of Muscular Endurance

n → resistenza
to come to the end of one's endurance → arrivare al limite della propria sopportazione
past or beyond endurance → al di là di ogni sopportazione
tried beyond endurance → messo/a a duraprova

endure

(inˈdjuə) verb
1. to bear patiently; to tolerate. She endures her troubles bravely; I can endure her rudeness no longer. deurstaan يَتَحَمَّل، يَحْتَمِل издържам suportar snášet aushalten udholde; tåle υπομένω, υποφέρωsoportar taluma تحمل کردن sietää supporter לִסבּוֹל सहना podnositi elvisel menahankan, memikul þola sopportare 耐える 견디어 내다 pakęsti paciest menahankan verdragenholde ut, utstå, tåleznosić زغمل، ګالل، سييول، تاب را وړل suportar a suporta терпеть znášať prenesti podnositi uthärda อดทน dayanmak, katlanmak 忍受，忍耐 терпіти, зносити برداشت کرنا cam chịu 忍受，忍耐
2. to remain firm; to last. You must endure to the end; The memory of her great acting has endured. volstaan, aanhou, uithou يَصْبِر، يِبْقى ثابِتا трая persistir vydržet; trvat durchhalten, fortdauern fortsætte; holde sig αντέχωaguantar, soportar, resistir, persistir vastu pidama پایدار ماندن kestää tenir, durer לָשֵׂאת चलना, जारी रहना izdržati kitart bertahan endast resistere, durare 持ちこたえる 끝까지 버티다 iš(si)laikyti, išlikti izturēt; ilgt bertahan het uithouden, durenholde ut; holde seg, bli stående przetrwać تاب را وړل persistir a rezista (în timp) стоико держаться; продолжаться vydržať vztrajati, ostati živ istrajati uthärda, hålla ut, bestå คงอยู่ sürmek, devam etmek 堅持，持續 тривати باقی رہنا tồn tại 持续，持久，坚持下去
enˈdurable

Muscular Endurance Definition Kids

adjective
(negative unendurable) able to be borne or tolerated. This pain is scarcely endurable. uitstaanbaar, draaglik مُحْتَمَل، قابِل للإحْتِمال издрълив suportável snesitelný erträglich udholdelig; til at holde ud υποφερτόςsoportable väljakannatatav قابل تحمل siedettävä supportable שֶׁנִיתן לִסבּוֹל सहनीय podnošljiv elviselhető bisa ditahankan þolanlegur sopportabile, tollerabile 耐えられる 견딜 수 있는 pakeliamas paciešams; izturams boleh ditanggung draaglijkutholdelig, til å holde ut możliwy do zniesienia دزغملو وړ، ګالل كېدونكى suportável suportabil терпимый znesiteľný znosen izdržljiv uthärdlig, dräglig ที่คงอยู่นาน dayanılabilir, katlanılabilir 可忍受的 стерпний قابل برداشت có thể chịu đựng được 可忍受的，能持久的
enˈdurance noun
the power or ability to bear or to last. He has amazing (power of) endurance; Her rudeness is beyond endurance; (also adjective) endurance tests. ontbering, voortduring, verduring, uithouvermoë إحْتِمال издръжливост resistência snesitelnost; vytrvalost(ní) die Ausdauer, das Ertragen udholdenhed αντοχήresistencia, aguante talumisvõime, vastupidavus تحمل kestävyys endurance; de résistance סִבּוֹלֶת , סִיבּוֹלֶת सहन podnošljivost kitartás; állóképesség daya tahan ending, þol, þrek sopportazione, tolleranza 耐久性 인내력, 참을성 ištvermė, atsparumas, kantrumas izturība; pacietība; izturības-; pacietības- daya tahan uithoudingsvermogenutholdenhet, seighetwytrzymałość زغم، ګالنه، سييونه، طاقت، توان، پو خوالى (په درد او غم كې resistência puterea de a îndura; (de) rezistenţă выносливость znesiteľnosť; vytrvalosť; vytrvalostný vzdržljivost izdržljivost uthållighet ความอดทน tahammül, sabır 忍受力，耐力 витривалість; стійкість قوت برداشت khả năng chịu đựng 忍耐力

en·dur·ance

n. resistencia; tolerancia;
beyond ___ → más allá de lo que puede soportarse, intolerable.

Muscular Endurance Brian Mac

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